What is lithium battery？

The lithium battery is one of the core components of an electric scooter, typically consisting of multiple individual lithium cells (called battery cells). Below is information about the basic structure, capacity, and related details of lithium batteries:

1. Battery Structure

A lithium battery pack consists of the following parts:

Battery Cells

• Lithium batteries used in electric scooters are often 18650, 21700, or other cylindrical or prismatic cells.
• Each cell has a nominal voltage of 3.6V or 3.7V, with a single-cell capacity typically ranging from 2000mAh to 5000mAh.

Battery Pack

• Series Connection: Increases voltage. Cells connected in series add their voltages together, e.g., a 10S (10 cells in series) pack provides 36V, while a 12S pack provides 48V.
• Parallel Connection: Increases capacity. Cells connected in parallel add their capacities together, e.g., a 4P (4 cells in parallel) pack has four times the capacity of a single cell.

BMS (Battery Management System)

• The BMS monitors the voltage, temperature, and charge/discharge state of each cell, ensuring safety and optimal performance.

Housing and Protective Materials

• The battery pack is typically encased in metal or plastic housing for waterproofing, shock resistance, and heat dissipation.

2. Battery Capacity

Battery capacity depends on the number of cells, single-cell capacity, and battery pack configuration:

Nominal Capacity:

• Usually expressed in "Wh" (watt-hours) or "Ah" (ampere-hours).
• Calculation formula: $$\text{Capacity (Wh)} = \text{Voltage (V)} \times \text{Capacity (Ah)}$$

Common Specifications:

• 36V 7.5Ah (270Wh): Common in entry-level scooters, offering a range of approximately 20-30 km.
• 36V 10Ah (360Wh): Mid-range scooters, offering a range of approximately 30-40 km.
• 48V 15Ah (720Wh): High-end scooters, providing a range of over 50 km.
• 60V 20Ah (1200Wh+): High-performance scooters, offering a range of 80 km or more with higher speeds.

3. Purchasing Recommendations

• Range Requirements: For short commutes, a 36V battery is sufficient. For long distances, consider a 48V or higher capacity.
• Safety: Prioritize battery packs with high-quality BMS protection to avoid overcharging, over-discharging, and overheating.
• Compatibility: Ensure the battery pack's size and voltage are compatible with the scooter.

If you need detailed information about specific scooter models or battery brands (e.g., Geofought products), feel free to ask!

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