How Hydraulic Suspension Works in Electric Scooters？

I. Structure of Hydraulic Suspension

The hydraulic shock absorber on an electric scooter is similar to those used in motorcycles and bicycles. It mainly consists of the following components:

1. Outer Tube (Cylinder)

   • Fixed to the frame or fork, filled with hydraulic fluid (sometimes with nitrogen gas).

2. Piston Rod

   • Connected to the wheel or fork, moves up and down with the wheel.

3. Piston

   • Attached to the piston rod inside the cylinder. It has throttling holes and check valves to control fluid flow.

4. Hydraulic Fluid

   • Fills the cylinder, incompressible, transmits pressure and provides damping.

5. Return Spring

   • Surrounds the piston rod or sits inside the cylinder, provides support and rebound force.

6. Seals & Dust Covers

   • Prevent fluid leakage and block dirt and debris.

II. Working Principle of Hydraulic Suspension

The core mechanism is oil flow generating damping force, combined with the spring to absorb shocks.

1. Compression Stroke (When hitting a bump)

   • The wheel moves upward, pushing the piston rod into the cylinder.

   • Oil beneath the piston is compressed and forced through throttling holes or valves to the upper chamber.

   • Restricted oil flow generates damping force, slowing the wheel’s upward movement.

2. Rebound Stroke (When returning after impact)

   • The spring releases stored energy, pushing the piston rod outward.

   • Oil in the upper chamber flows back to the lower chamber through the valves.

   • Restricted flow again generates rebound damping, preventing the suspension from bouncing back too fast.

3. Adjustable Damping (for some models)

   • By adjusting the valve orifice size or preload, the fluid flow can be controlled, changing suspension stiffness.

III. Advantages of Hydraulic Suspension

• Excellent shock absorption – Smooths out vibrations and improves riding comfort.

• Strong support – Suitable for high-speed and off-road riding.

• Durable and stable – Longer lifespan than simple spring suspensions.

🔧 Summary:
Electric scooter hydraulic suspension works by combining spring energy storage + hydraulic damping. It absorbs road impacts and prevents excessive rebound, resulting in smoother comfort and better handling.